For most of us, death and dying bring negative images in our minds. During halloween, we think of death as the scary, black-hooded creature holding a scythe, ready to destroy life. And then we look at the cadavers in the anatomy lab, some of us take pity on them, others get scared of them (even avoid the MSH at later hours!) and most think how they'd rather not end up like them. Also, we imagine ourselves, as future doctors, how we would find ways to save our patients' lives and prevent them from dying. It is not just doctors, but scientists as well who continue to research how they can manipulate death. All these efforts to stop death have been made because death is often associated with an interruption to a happy life. People fear death because of the uncertainty of what could be on the other side of it.
The fear, insecurity and uncertainty associated with our perception of death are valid. After all, medicine has taught us to be evidence-based, and there are no studies sufficiently proving that people who died were in a much better condition than when they were living. Our scientific method falls short as to what really happened to them after they die. Science cannot investigate if they were annihilated, reincarnated to another form or if they were transported to some other place.
Because what happens to a person after he dies cannot be studied by Science and Medicine, we are only left with certain belief systems for it. Beyond death is actually where the issue of faith comes along. While it is true that we have faith (or simply belief) in Science and Medicine, these are matters that can be directly observed, quantified, reproduced and validated. They are tangible things. Death, on the contrary, is not a reproducible experiment. What we believe about death is simple something we hold as true even if we have no way of finding out if we are right.
The human race has six basic theories of what happens to us after we die, namely, they are:
1. Materialism. It assumes that this material universe is all that there is and all that will ever be. Therefore, it assumes that death is the end of a person. A person merely ceases to exist. This is the belief of atheists.
2. Paganism. The "pagan", polytheistic religions like that of ancient Rome and Greece believe that the soul of a person continues to exist in a ghost form. This "ghost" then goes to the place of the dead, which is the Underworld and dwells there in a less-than living state.
3. Pantheism. A held belief of Eastern mysticism is that everything in the universe encompasses God. Therefore when a person dies, he gets absorbed into God. Death has not really changed anything. It is only an illusion.
4. Reincarnation. After a person dies, he takes the form of another body. In that body, the soul attempts to learn its lessons in order to reach a stage of "enlightenment". When it attains sufficient enlightenment, it becomes either absorbed into God (like Pantheism) or it reverts to a divine status.
5. Immortality. The soul of the person survives death, but the body becomes destroyed. The soul then either goes to its eternal destiny of heaven or hell, which may be achieved through stages of reincarnation. This is Platonism, and is often confused with Christianity.
6. Resurrection. When a person dies, his soul gets separated from the body. Depending upon the judgment of God, he will either go to heaven or to hell. In heaven, and will acquire a new physical body and will live on forever with God. But if the person goes to hell, he will suffer damnation forever. Its main difference with the immortality theory is that the person who is in heaven will acquire a new physical body.
There may never be studies enough to fully validate which one of these theories is true. But at this point, at least we have identified what we believe in. What is the point of knowing this? Will this improve our (future) clinical practice? Our belief regarding death is important because what we believe in becomes a controlling factor in our lives. Our beliefs influence us and the people around us.
But what if, there really is a way of validating our beliefs? Supposing that just one person who died and came back to life again, and related to us what happened to him, he could become a good source of information on the matter, wouldn't he? As long as we are certain that he hit that flat line, then he got revived miraculously, and that he is not a liar, we would have no reason to disbelieve him. We will believe the information that he will tell us.
We were talking about a hypothetical person in a hypothetical situation but actually, we have a historical person who legitimately died and came back to life, and who is not known to be a liar. If you would be interested about what he said about the other side of death, that will be our topic for the second part of this article next month... :)
Written by Brice Serquina of Batch Spectra